3.1 关闭防火墙
关闭防火墙
rac1 # systemctl stop SuSEfirewall2.service
取消开机启动防火墙
rac1 # systemctl disable SuSEfirewall2.service
3.2 配置NTP
Network Time Protocol Setting
● You have two options for time synchronization: an operating system configured network time protocol (NTP), or Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service.
● Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service is designed for organizations whose cluster servers are unable to access NTP services.
● If you use NTP, then the Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization daemon (ctssd) starts up in observer mode. If you do not have NTP daemons, then ctssd starts up in active mode and synchronizes time among cluster members without contacting an external time server..
可以采用操作系统的NTP服务，也可以使用Oracle自带的服务ctss，如果ntp没有启用，Oracle会自动启用自己的ctssd进程。
从oracle 11gR2 RAC开始使用Cluster Time Synchronization Service(CTSS)同步各节点的时间,当安装程序发现NTP协议处于非活动状态时，安装集群时间同步服务将以活动模式自动进行安装并通过所有节点的时间。如果发现配置了 NTP，则以观察者模式启动集群时间同步服务，Oracle Clusterware 不会在集群中进行活动的时间同步。
#我这里选择关闭ntp服务
rac1:~ # /sbin/service ntpd stop
rac1:~ # mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
rac1:~ # chkconfig ntpd off
rac1:~ # service ntpd status
● ntpd.service - NTP Server Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/ntpd.service.d
└─50-insserv.conf-$time.conf
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:ntpd(1)
Aug 11 10:58:22 rac1 systemd[1]: Stopped NTP Server Daemon.
3.3 配置内核参数
1、修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# RAC
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2147483648
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
2、修改limits文件
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
（在文件中添加以下内容）
# RAC
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
3、修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
（在文件中添加以下内容）
# RAC
session required pam_limits.so
4、修改/etc/profile文件
（在文件中添加以下内容）
# RAC
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
3.4 添加组与用户
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle -m oracle
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba -d /home/grid -m grid
（为oracle和grid用户设置登录密码）
[root@rac1 ~]# passwd oracle
[root@rac1 ~]# passwd grid
（检查：）
[root@rac1 ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),506(asmdba)
[root@rac1 ~]# id grid
uid=501(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmadmin),505(asmoper), 506(asmdba)
3.5 创建安装目录
rac1:~ #mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/12.1.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/12.1.0
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
3.6 安装依赖包
将rpm.tar.gz上传到 /home/db 中
切换至root用户
解压文件
rac1:~ # cd /home/db/
#解压文件
rac1:/home/db # tar -zxvf rpm.tar.gz
rpm/
rpm/bc-1.06.95-6.56.x86_64.rpm
rpm/binutils-2.32-9.36.1.x86_64.rpm
#.....中间省略...
rpm/unzip-6.00-33.8.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm/xz-5.0.5-6.3.1.x86_64.rpm
rac1:/home/db # ls -l
total 3418064
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3453696911 Aug 3 17:43 linuxx64_12201_database.zip
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Aug 2 15:58 rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46390412 Aug 3 17:41 rpm.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 Aug 3 17:41 stage
rac1:/home/db # cd rpm/
安装rpm包
#安装rpm包
rac1:/home/db/rpm # rpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:glibc-2.22-100.15.4 ################################# [ 1%]
2:libgcc_s1-8.2.1+r264010-1.3.3 ################################# [ 3%]
3:libstdc++6-8.2.1+r264010-1.3.3 ################################# [ 4%]
#.....中间省略...
69:libX11-6-32bit-1.6.2-12.5.1 ################################# [ 99%]
70:gcc-info-4.8-6.189 ################################# [100%]
rac1:/home/db/rpm #
3.7 配置grid和oracle用户的环境变量文件
修改gird、oracle用户的.bash_profile文件，以oracle账号登陆，编辑.bash_profile
或者在root直接编辑：
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
vi /home/grid/.bash_profile
以下脚本直接在root下执行
echo "umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=rac1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=\"YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS\"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH
export EDITOR=vi
export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_PATH=.:ORACLE_BASE/dbascripts/sql:ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export SQLPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
#export NLS_LANG=\"SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK\" --AL32UTF8 SELECT userenv('LANGUAGE') db_NLS_LANG FROM DUAL;
export NLS_LANG=\"AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK\"
" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
grid用户环境变量配置
echo "umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/12.1.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=\"YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS\"
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH
" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
注意：另外一台数据库实例名须做相应修改。Oracle：export ORACLE_SID=rac2；grid：export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
3.8 配置root用户的环境变量
rac1 ~# echo "#oracle environment config begin
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/12.1.0/grid
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#oracle environment config end" >> /etc/profile
