复习和回顾Android知识,梳理笔记
ThreadLocal简介
ThreadLocal一般在开发中不是很常见,但是了解过Android消息机制的应该都看过Handler及Looper的源码,在Looper源码里有出现过:
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
ThreadLocal源码给出的定义(英文翻译的有点渣):一个为线程本地提供数据的类,这些数据从每个线程获取到的都是不同的,每个线程独立初始化这些数据的副本。 简单来说就是ThreadLocal为不同线程存储数据,并且每个线程存储的数据是独立的,修改互不影响其他线程。
举个栗子
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import player.video.wzh.com.videoplayer.R;
public class ThreadLocalAct extends FragmentActivity {
public String TAG = "wenzhihao";
/**
* 定义ThreadLocal
*/
private ThreadLocal<Student> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){
@Override
protected Student initialValue() {
return new Student("NULL");
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.act_threadlocal);
/**
* 在主线程设置一个对象
*/
threadLocal.set(new Student("张三"));
initTest();
}
private void initTest() {
Log.e(TAG,Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+threadLocal.get().toString());
/**
* 开启一个子线程获取Student
*/
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
Log.e(TAG,Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+threadLocal.get().toString());
}
}.start();
/**
* 开启一个子线程再set一个Student
*/
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
threadLocal.set(new Student("丽丽"));
Log.e(TAG,Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+threadLocal.get().toString());
}
}.start();
Log.e(TAG,Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+threadLocal.get().toString());
}
public class Student{
public Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String name ;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
}
运行结果(结果具有随机性,线程非顺序执行):
E/wenzhihao: main---------Student{name='张三'}
E/wenzhihao: Thread-1200---------Student{name='NULL'}
E/wenzhihao: main---------Student{name='张三'}
E/wenzhihao: Thread-1201---------Student{name='丽丽'}
这这个栗子首先创建一个ThreadLocal,并重新了initialValue方法,如果不重写此方法,上来就get会报错,等于给它初始化。在主线程去set一个Student对象,然后开启2个子线程,一个线程去直接从ThreadLocal取数据,一个线程先设置另一个Student对象再去取数据,最后在主线程打印取出的数据。
结果证明在一个线程存储数据只能在当前线程有效,并不影响其他线程的数据。
源码分析
ThreadLocal<T>存储的是数据,创建的时候需要为其指定泛型,最核心的方法应该就是set和get了,set是往当前线程保存数据,get是从当前线程获取数据。
T get() ——从当前线程获取数据
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
//获取当前操作所在的线程对象
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
//ThreadLocalMap 是一个内部类,内部有一个数组,数组里面存储的是Entry,该类继承自弱引用,
//内部是以键值对形式存储数据,键就是ThreadlLocal,值就是要存储的对象,每个线程都定义有这么一个对象
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
//取出当前线程保存的数据返回,否则就创建初始值
//setInitialValue()内部调用initialValue() ,这里看出我们为什么要在创建时候重写initialValue()方法了,不重写默认返回null
return setInitialValue();
}
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) ——获取该线程的ThreadLocalMap 对象
/**
* Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
//每个线程都持有这么一个对象
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
void set(T value) ——为该线程存储数据
/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
* this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
//获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap,把数据对象存到这个数据结构中
void remove()——移除当前线程ThreadLocal存储的数据
/**
* Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local
* variable. If this thread-local variable is subsequently
* {@linkplain #get read} by the current thread, its value will be
* reinitialized by invoking its {@link #initialValue} method,
* unless its value is {@linkplain #set set} by the current thread
* in the interim. This may result in multiple invocations of the
* {@code initialValue} method in the current thread.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
//获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap,把数据对象从改线程移除掉
public void remove() {
ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
if (m != null)
m.remove(this);
}
通过源码分析可以看出,其实ThreadLocal在每个线程的数据操作,都是在操作每个线程的ThreadLocalMap ,每个线程都有一个ThreadLocalMap ,每个ThreadLocalMap 都有一个table数组存储着数据,set和get操作其实就是在这个table数组进行数据的操作(table数组存储的对象是Entry虚引用以键值对存储数据,键——ThreadLocalMap 自身,值——存储的对象),所以ThreadLocal可以在多个线程中互不干扰的操作自己的数据。