Pains and Sickness

Headaches can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have a headache, your head hurts.

A sprained ankle (脚踝扭伤) can be so painful that you can't walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches (crutch的复数，拐杖) to walk.

If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow (吞，咽). A sore throat can be caused by viruses (virus的复数，病毒) or bacteria (bacterium的复数，细菌).

A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.

An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a change in air pressure or water in the ear.

Exercise:

1.— What can be caused by an infection in the throat?

? — A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.

2.— Which condition may require the use of crutches to walk?

? — Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.

3.— What do you have if your head hurts?

? — If you have a headache, your head hurts.

4.— What happens if you get too close to a fire?

? — If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.

5.— What can be caused by an infected ear?

? — Common causes of an earache include an infection, a change in air pressure or water in the ear.

6. A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can't walk.

7. If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.

8. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.

Repeat & Read Sentences:

1. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.

2. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.

3. If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.

4. Headaches can be very painful and can last for a long time.

5. Earaches occur more often among children than adults.

Landforms

Mountains are landforms higher than 2,000 feet, or about 600 meters, above sea level (海平面).

Hills are like mountains, but not as tall.

Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth and are made of many types of rocks (rock的复数，岩石).

Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.

Many early cities were built alongside rivers.

Most of the world's water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.

The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.

Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.

The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive (幸存).

A valley (山谷) is a low, relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.

Some valleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers (glacier的复数，冰川).

Exercise:

1.— What are the tallest landforms on earth?

? — The tallest mountains in the world, including Mt Everest, are in Asia.

2.— What land areas are often hotter than 120 degrees Fahrenheit?

? — Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

3.— What covers more area than all the continents?

? — The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, coverning more area than all the continents put together.

4.— What are streams of water that usually begin in mountains?

? — Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.

5.— What is a low, relatively flat area between hills or mountains?

— A valley is a low, relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.

6. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.

7. Some valleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers.

Repeat & Read Sentences:

1. Hills are like mountains, but not as tall.

2. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.

3. A place where a river begins is its source.

4. Most of the world's water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.

5. Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth and are made of many types of rocks.