k8s容器编排

1. k8s集群的安装

1.1 k8s的架构

image.png

除了核心组件，还有一些推荐的Add-ons：

1.2 修改IP地址、主机和host解析

1.3 master节点安装etcd

修改host：
echo  '192.168.12.201  mirrors.aliyun.com' >>/etc/hosts
修改yum源：
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum install etcd -y
vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

6行：ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"
21行：ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://10.0.0.11:2379"

systemctl start etcd.service
systemctl enable etcd.service

etcdctl set testdir/testkey0 0
etcdctl get testdir/testkey0

etcdctl -C http://10.0.0.11:2379 cluster-health

1.4 master节点安装kubernetes

yum install kubernetes-master.x86_64 -y

vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver 
8行:  KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"
11行：KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"
17行：KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://10.0.0.11:2379"
23行：KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"

vim /etc/kubernetes/config
22行：KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.0.11:8080"

systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager.service
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
systemctl restart kube-scheduler.service

1.5 node节点安装kubernetes

两个节点都执行：
yum install kubernetes-node.x86_64 -y

vim /etc/kubernetes/config 
22行：KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.0.11:8080"

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5行：KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"
8行：KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"
11行：KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=10.0.0.12"(本机IP)
14行：KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://10.0.0.11:8080"

systemctl enable kubelet.service
systemctl start kubelet.service
systemctl enable kube-proxy.service
systemctl start kube-proxy.service

1.6 所有节点配置flannel网络master节点：

两个节点都执行：
yum install kubernetes-node.x86_64 -y

vim /etc/kubernetes/config 
22行：KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://10.0.0.11:8080"

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5行：KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"
8行：KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"
11行：KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=10.0.0.12"(本机IP)
14行：KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://10.0.0.11:8080"

systemctl enable kubelet.service
systemctl start kubelet.service
systemctl enable kube-proxy.service
systemctl start kube-proxy.service
测试：
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
wget http://192.168.12.201/docker_image/docker_busybox.tar.gz
docker  load -i  docker_busybox.tar.gz
docker  run  -it  docker.io/busybox:latest

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
第十七行后加入以下内容：
ExecStartPost=/usr/sbin/iptables  -P FORWARD ACCEPT
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

1.7 配置master为镜像仓库

#master节点
vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --insecure-registry=10.0.0.11:5000'

systemctl restart docker

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry -v /opt/myregistry:/var/lib/registry  registry

#node节点
vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --insecure-registry=10.0.0.11:5000'

systemctl restart docker

2. 什么是k8s,k8s有什么功能?

k8s是一个docker集群的管理工具

2.1 k8s的核心功能

自愈: 重新启动失败的容器，在节点不可用时，替换和重新调度节点上的容器，对用户定
义的健康检查不响应的容器会被中止，并且在容器准备好服务之前不会把其向客户端广播。

弹性伸缩: 通过监控容器的cpu的负载值,如果这个平均高于80%,增加容器的数量,如果
这个平均低于10%,减少容器的数量

服务的自动发现和负载均衡: 不需要修改您的应用程序来使用不熟悉的服务发现机制，
Kubernetes 为容器提供了自己的 IP 地址和一组容器的单个 DNS 名称，并可以在它们之间进行负载均衡。

滚动升级和一键回滚: Kubernetes 逐渐部署对应用程序或其配置的更改，同时监视应
用程序运行状况，以确保它不会同时终止所有实例。 如果出现问题，Kubernetes会为您恢复更改，利用日益增长的部署解决方案的生态系统。

2.2 k8s的历史

2.3 k8s的安装

2.4 k8s的应用场景

k8s最适合跑微服务项目!

3. k8s常用的资源

3.1 创建pod资源

k8s yaml的主要组成：

apiVersion: v1  api版本
kind: pod   资源类型
metadata:   属性
spec:       详细

k8s_pod.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: web
spec:
  containers:
    - name: nginx
      image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

pod资源:至少由两个容器组成,pod基础容器和业务容器组成
pod是k8s最小的资源单位

3.2 ReplicationController资源

rc：保证指定数量的pod始终存活,rc通过标签选择器来关联pod

k8s资源的常见操作：

kubectl   create  -f   xxx.yaml
kubectl   get  pod|rc
kubectl  describe  pod  nginx
kubectl  delete   pod  nginx   或者kubectl delete  -f  xxx.yaml
kubectl  edit  pod   nginx

创建一个rc：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    app: myweb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myweb
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myweb
        image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

rc的滚动升级：

新建一个nginx-rc1.15.yaml

image.png

升级：
kubectl rolling-update nginx -f nginx-rc1.15.yaml --update-period=10s

回滚：
kubectl rolling-update nginx2 -f k8s_rc.yml --update-period=1s
查看升级回滚是否成功：
kubectl describe pod|grep 1.13

3.3 service资源

service帮助pod暴露端口

1. 创建一个service
[root@k8s-master svc]# cat k8s_svc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 80           #clusterIP
      nodePort: 30000  #nodeport
      targetPort: 80    #podport
  selector:
app: myweb2
2. 创建
[root@k8s-master svc]# kubectl create -f k8s_svc.yml 
service "myweb" created
3. 修改文件kubectl edit myweb
 [root@k8s-master svc]# kubectl edit svc myweb
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2019-07-26T10:00:21Z
  name: myweb
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "40169"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/services/myweb
  uid: 2dfb93c0-af8c-11e9-a5d2-000c29c93def
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.254.214.106
  ports:
  - nodePort: 30000
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: myweb
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

网页访问10.0.0.12:30000或者10.0.0.13:30000
出现如下画面：

image.png

修改nodePort范围

vim  /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
KUBE_API_ARGS="--service-node-port-range=3000-50000"
service默认使用iptables来实现负载均衡,新版本中推荐使用lvs(四层负载均衡)

3.4 deployment资源

有rc在滚动升级之后,会造成服务访问中断,于是k8s引入了deployment资源

创建deployment:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
          requests:
            cpu: 100m

deployment升级和回滚

命令行创建deployment：
kubectl run   nginx  --image=10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13 --replicas=3 --record
命令行升级版本：
kubectl set image deploy nginx nginx=10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.15
查看deployment所有历史版本：
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx
deployment回滚到上一个版本：
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx
deployment回滚到指定版本：
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx --to-revision=2

3.5 tomcat+mysql练习

在k8s中容器之间相互访问,通过VIP地址!

准备环境：

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ll
total 1449636
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 202872320 Jul 22 18:50 docker_centos6.9.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 392823296 Jul 22 18:50 docker-mysql-5.7.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root        25 Jul 26 21:32 k8s
-rw------- 1 root root 519031808 Jul 26 20:59 kod.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 369691136 Jul 22 18:50 tomcat-app-v2.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker load -i docker-mysql-5.7.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker load -i tomcat-app-v2.tar.gz 
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag docker.io/mysql:5.7 10.0.0.11:5000/mysql:5.7
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag docker.io/kubeguide/tomcat-app:v2 10.0.0.11:5000/tomcat-app:v2

主节点环境准备：

[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 416 Jul 22 18:43 mysql-rc.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 145 Jul 22 18:43 mysql-svc.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 490 Jul 29 11:54 tomcat-rc.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 162 Jul 22 18:43 tomcat-svc.yml
[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat mysql-rc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    app: mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql
          image: 10.0.0.11:5000/mysql:5.7
          ports:
          - containerPort: 3306
          env:
          - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
            value: '123456'
[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat mysql-svc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 3306
      targetPort: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql
[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat tomcat-rc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    app: myweb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myweb
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: myweb
          image: 10.0.0.11:5000/tomcat-app:v2
          ports:
          - containerPort: 8080
          env:
          - name: MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST
            value: '10.254.61.36'  (ip需根据实际修改)
          - name: MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT
            value: '3306'
[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat tomcat-svc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 8080
      nodePort: 30008
  selector:
    app: myweb

步骤：

##清除myweb，防止重复冲突
kubectl delete  svc myweb
##创建：
kubectl create -f mysql-rc.yml
kubectl create -f mysql-svc.yml

vim tomcat-rc.yml
lvalue: '10.254.61.36'(ip使用kubectl get all查看)

kubectl create -f tomcat-rc.yml 
kubectl create -f tomcat-svc.yml

网页访问10.0.0.13:30008/demo(端口kubuctl get all查看)

出现如下画面：

image.png

4. k8s的附加组件

4.1 dns服务

安装dns服务:

1. 下载dns_docker镜像包
wget http://192.168.21.201/docker_k8s_dns.tar.gz
2. 导入dns_docker镜像包(node2节点)
docker load -i docker_k8s_dns.tar.gz
3. 修改skydns-rc.yaml
spec:
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/hostname: k8s-node-2
  containers:
4. 创建dns服务
kubectl  create  -f   skydns-rc.yaml
5. 检查
kubectl get all --namespace=kube-system
6. 修改所有node节点kubelet的配置文件
vim  /etc/kubernetes/kubelet

KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster_dns=10.254.230.254 --cluster_domain=cluster.local"

systemctl   restart kubelet

4.2 namespace命令空间

namespace做资源隔离

位置：在所有yaml文件中加入namespace
在name之后，spec之前

例如：namespace: oldwang

[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat tomcat-rc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: myweb
  namespace: oldwang
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    app: myweb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myweb
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: myweb
          image: 10.0.0.11:5000/tomcat-app:v2
          ports:
          - containerPort: 8080
          env:
          - name: MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST
            value: 'mysql'
          - name: MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT
            value: '3306'

[root@k8s-master tomcat_demo]# cat tomcat-svc.yml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myweb
  namespace: oldwang
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 8080
      nodePort: 30008
  selector:
    app: myweb

4.3 健康检查

4.3.1 探针的种类

4.3.2 探针的检测方法

liveness 探针的exec使用

vi nginx_pod_exec.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: exec
spec:
containers:
 - name: nginx
  image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
  ports:
   - containerPort: 80
  args:
   - /bin/sh
   - -c
   - touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 600
  livenessProbe:
   exec:
    command:
     - cat
     - /tmp/healthy
   initialDelaySeconds: 5
   periodSeconds: 5

liveness探针的HTTPGet使用

vi  nginx_pod_httpGet.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: httpget
spec:
containers:
 - name: nginx
  image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
  ports:
   - containerPort: 80
  livenessProbe:
   httpGet:
    path: /index.html
    port: 80
   initialDelaySeconds: 3
   periodSeconds: 3

liveness探针的tcpSocket使用

vi  nginx_pod_tcpSocket.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: tcpSocket
spec:
containers:
 - name: nginx
  image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
  ports:
   - containerPort: 80
  livenessProbe:
   tcpSocket:
    port: 80
   initialDelaySeconds: 3
   periodSeconds: 3
readiness探针的httpGet使用
vi  nginx-rc-httpGet.yaml
aapiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: readiness
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
 app: readiness
template:
 metadata:
  labels:
   app: readiness
 spec:
  containers:
  - name: readiness
   image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
   ports:
   - containerPort: 80
   readinessProbe:
    httpGet:
     path: /qiangge.html
     port: 80
    initialDelaySeconds: 3
    periodSeconds: 3

4.4 dashboard服务

4.4.1. 上传并导入镜像,打标签

##上传镜像：
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ll 
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  86984704 Jul 22 18:50 kubernetes-dashboard-amd64_v1.4.1.tar.gz
##导入镜像：
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker load -i kubernetes-dashboard-amd64_v1.4.1.tar.gz
##打标签：
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.4.1 10.0.0.11:5000/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.41

4.4.2. 创建dashborad的deployment和service

[root@k8s-master deploment]# cat dashboard-svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 9090
[root@k8s-master deploment]# cat dashboard.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
# Keep the name in sync with image version and
# gce/coreos/kube-manifests/addons/dashboard counterparts
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-latest
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
        version: latest
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: 10.0.0.11:5000/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.4.1
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 50Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 50Mi
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
        args:
         -  --apiserver-host=http://10.0.0.11:8080
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 9090
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30

[root@k8s-master deploment]# kubectl create -f .

4.4.3. 访问http://10.0.0.11:8080/ui/

image.png

4.5 通过apiservicer反向代理

第一种：NodePort类型

type: NodePort
ports:
 - port: 80
  targetPort: 80
  nodePort: 30008

第二种：ClusterIP类型

type: ClusterIP
ports:
 - port: 80
  targetPort: 80

5. k8s弹性伸缩

k8s弹性伸缩,需要附加插件heapster监控

5.1 安装heapster监控

5.1.1. 上传并导入镜像,打标签

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ls *.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# for n in `ls *.tar.gz`;do docker load -i $n ;done
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag docker.io/kubernetes/heapster_grafana:v2.6.0 10.0.0.11:5000/heapster_grafana:v2.6.0
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag  docker.io/kubernetes/heapster_influxdb:v0.5 10.0.0.11:5000/heapster_influxdb:v0.5
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker tag docker.io/kubernetes/heapster:canary 10.0.0.11:5000/heapster:canary

5.1.2. 上传配置文件

[root@k8s-master heapster]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  414 Jul 22 18:43 grafana-service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  622 Jul 30 12:16 heapster-controller.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  249 Jul 22 18:43 heapster-service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1473 Jul 22 18:43 influxdb-grafana-controller.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  259 Jul 22 18:43 influxdb-service.yaml
[root@k8s-master heapster]# kubectl create -f .

5.1.3. 打开dashboard验证

网页访问10.0.0.11:/ui/，出现如下画面：

image.png

5.2 弹性伸缩

5.2.1 修改rc的配置文件

containers:
- name: myweb
  image: 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
  ports:
  - containerPort: 80
  resources:
    limits:
      cpu: 100m
    requests:
      cpu: 100m

5.2.2 创建弹性伸缩规则

kubectl autoscale  -n qiangge replicationcontroller myweb --max=8 --min=1 --cpu-
percent=8

5.2.3 测试扩容

yum install httpd-tools.x86_64 -y 
ab -n 1000000 -c 30 http://172.16.99.2/index.html

扩容：

image.png

缩容:

image.png

6. 持久化存储

pv: persistent volume 全局的资源 pv，node
pvc: persistent volume claim 局部的资源(namespace)pod，rc，svc

6.1 安装nfs服务端(10.0.0.11)

yum install nfs-utils.x86_64 -y
mkdir /data
vim /etc/exports
/data  10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
systemctl start rpcbind
systemctl start nfs
systemctl enable rpcbind
systemctl enable nfs

6.2 在node节点安装nfs客户端

yum install nfs-utils.x86_64 -y
showmount -e 10.0.0.11

6.3 创建pv和pvc

上传yaml配置文件,创建pv和pvc
[root@k8s-master volume]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 292 Jul 30 15:33 mysql_pv2.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 162 Jul 30 15:32 mysql_pvc.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 291 Jul 30 15:29 mysql_pv.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 581 Jul 30 15:38 mysql-rc-pvc.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 145 Jul 30 16:33 mysql-svc.yml

6.4 创建mysql-rc,pod模板里使用volume

      volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
    volumes:
    - name: mysql
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: tomcat-mysql

image.png

6.5 验证持久化

验证方法一：删除mysql的pod,数据库不丢

kubectl delete pod mysql-gt054

image.png

验证方法二：查看nfs服务端,是否有mysql的数据文件

HPE_APP存在说明持久化成功

image.png

6.6: 分布式存储glusterfs

（1）环境准备：

k8s-node节点添加glusterfs解析

（2）什么是glusterfs

Glusterfs是一个开源分布式文件系统，具有强大的横向扩展能力，可支持PB存储数量和
数千客户端，通过网络互联成一个并行的网络文件系统。具有可扩展性、高性能、高可用性等特点。

（3）安装glusterfs节点

所有节点：

yum install centos-release-gluster -y
yum install install glusterfs-server -y
systemctl start glusterd.service
systemctl enable glusterd.service
mkdir -p /gfs/test1
mkdir -p /gfs/test2
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc
blkid
vim /etc/fstab
mount -a

（4）添加存储资源池

[root@glusterfs01 ~]# gluster pool list
UUID                                    Hostname    State
1de813d6-2ae6-40bd-a566-a64df0a6cceb    localhost   Connected 
[root@glusterfs01 ~]# gluster peer probe glusterfs01
[root@glusterfs01 ~]# gluster peer probe glusterfs02
[root@glusterfs01 ~]# gluster pool list
UUID                                        Hostname  State
f6e62dbd-dc37-4bc0-9610-8b0f12f964e7    glusterfs02 Connected 
1abe8071-b8f1-48a4-83af-1aa94ad860fe        glusterfs03 Connected 
1de813d6-2ae6-40bd-a566-a64df0a6cceb    localhost   Connected 
[root@glusterfs01 ~]#

（5）glusterfs卷管理

创建分布式复制卷：
gluster volume create oldwang replica 2 glusterfs01:/gfs/test1 \
glusterfs01:/gfs/test2 glusterfs02:/gfs/test1 glusterfs02:/gfs/test2 force
启动卷：
gluster volume start oldwang
查看卷：
gluster volume info oldwang
挂在卷：
mount -t glusterfs 10.0.0.14:/oldwang /mnt

（6）分布式复制卷图解

image.png

（7）分布式复制卷扩容

扩容前查看容量：
df -h
扩容命令：
glusterfs volume add-brick oldwang glusterfs03:/gfs/test1 glusterfs03:/gfs/test2 force
扩容后查看容量：
df -h

7. 与jenkins集成实现ci/cd

7.1 安装gitlab并上传代码

7.1.1 安装:

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-11.9.11-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall gitlab-ce-11.9.11-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm -y

7.1.2 配置:

vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://10.0.0.15'
prometheus_monitoring['enable'] = false

7.1.3 应用并启动服务:

gitlab-ctl reconfigure

7.1.4 使用浏览器访问http://10.0.0.15,修改root用户密码,创建project

image.png

7.1.5 上传代码到git仓库

[root@glusterfs02 ~]# cd /srv/
rz -E
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# ll
total 232
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 91014 Jul 31 15:25 xiaoniaofeifei.zip

[root@glusterfs02 srv]# unzip xiaoniaofeifei.zip 
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# rm -fr xiaoniaofeifei.zip 

[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git config --global user.name "Administrator"
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git config --global user.email "admin@example.com"
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git init
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git remote add origin http://10.0.0.15/root/xiaoniao.git
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git add .
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git commit -m "Initial commit"
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git push -u origin master

[root@glusterfs02 srv]# yum install docker -y
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# vim dockerfike
FROM  10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
ADD    .  /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git add .
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git commit -m "add dockerfile"
[root@glusterfs02 srv]# git push -u origin master

7.2 安装jenkins,并自动构建docker镜像

7.2.1 安装jenkins

cd /opt/
rz -E
[root@glusterfs01 opt]# ll
total 814604
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9128610 Jul 31 15:26 apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 569408968 Jul 31 15:26 gitlab-ce-11.9.11-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 166044032 Jul 31 15:26 jdk-8u102-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  89566714 Jul 31 15:26 jenkin-data.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  89566714 Jul 31 15:26 jenkins.war

rpm -ivh jdk-8u102-linux-x64.rpm 
mkdir /app
tar xf apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz -C /app
rm -fr /app/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/webapps/*
mv jenkins.war /app/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/webapps/ROOT.war
tar xf jenkin-data.tar.gz -C /root
/app/apache-tomcat-8.0.27/bin/startup.sh 
netstat -lntup

7.2.2 访问jenkins

访问http://10.0.0.14:8080/,默认账号密码admin:123456

image.png

7.2.3 配置jenkins拉取gitlab代码凭据

a. 在jenkins上生成秘钥对

[root@glusterfs02 ~]# ssh-keygen

image.png

b:复制公钥粘贴gitlab上

image.png

c:jenkins上创建全局凭据

image.png

image.png

7.2.4 拉取代码测试

image.png

拉取成功：

image.png

7.2.5 编写dockerfile并测试

vim dockerfile

FROM 10.0.0.11:5000/nginx:1.13
add .  /usr/share/nginx/html

image.png

添加docker build构建时不add的文件
vim  .dockerignore
dockerfile

docker build -t xiaoniao:v1 .
docker run -d -p 88:80 xiaoniao:v1

打开浏览器测试访问xiaoniaofeifei的项目

7.2.6 上传dockerfile和.dockerignore到私有仓库

git add docker  .dockerignore
git commit -m "fisrt commit"
git push -u origin master

7.2.7 点击jenkins立即构建,自动构建docker镜像并上传到私有仓库

修改jenkins 工程配置

docker  build  -t  10.0.0.11:5000/test:v$BUILD_ID  .
docker  push 10.0.0.11:5000/test:v$BUILD_ID

7.3 jenkins自动部署应用到k8s

测试：

kubectl -s 10.0.0.11:8080  get nodes
[root@glusterfs01 opt]# kubectl -s 10.0.0.11:8080 get nodes
NAME        STATUS     AGE
10.0.0.13   NotReady   5d

[root@glusterfs01 opt]# kubectl -s 10.0.0.11:8080 get nodes
NAME        STATUS     AGE
10.0.0.13   NotReady   5d

if [ -f /tmp/xiaoniao.lock ];then
    docker  build  -t  10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID  .
    docker  push 10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID
    kubectl -s 10.0.0.11:8080 set image  -n xiaoniao deploy xiaoniao xiaoniao=10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID
    echo "更新成功"
else
    docker  build  -t  10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID  .
    docker  push 10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID
    kubectl  -s 10.0.0.11:8080  create  namespace  xiaoniao
    kubectl  -s 10.0.0.11:8080  run   xiaoniao  -n xiaoniao  --image=10.0.0.11:5000/xiaoniao:v$BUILD_ID --replicas=3 --record
    kubectl  -s 10.0.0.11:8080   expose -n xiaoniao deployment xiaoniao --port=80 --type=NodePort
    port=`kubectl -s 10.0.0.11:8080  get svc -n xiaoniao|grep -oP '(?<=80:)\d+'`
    echo "你的项目地址访问是http://10.0.0.13:$port"
    touch /tmp/xiaoniao.lock
fi

jenkins一键回滚

kubectl  -s 10.0.0.11:8080 rollout undo -n xiaoniao  deploymen